Значение слова BERKELEY в Литературной энциклопедии

GEORGE (1685-1753).-Philosopher, eldest _s._ of William B., a cadet of the noble family of Berkeley, _b._ at Kilcrin near Kilkenny, and _ed._ at the school of his native place and at Trinity Coll., Dublin, where he graduated and took a Fellowship in 1707. His earliest publication was a mathematical one; but the first which brought him into notice was his _Essay towards a New Theory of Vision_, _pub._ in 1709. Though giving rise to much controversy at the time, its conclusions are now accepted as an established part of the theory of optics. There next appeared in 1710 the _Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge_, which was followed in 1713 by _Dialogues between Hylas_ and _Philonous_, in which he propounded his system of philosophy, the leading principle of which is that the world as represented to our senses depends for its existence on being perceived. Of this theory the _Principles_ gives the exposition and the _Dialogues_ the defence. One of his main objects was to combat the prevailing materialism of the time. A theory so novel was, as might be expected, received with widespread ridicule, though his genius was realised by some of the more elect spirits, such as Dr. S. Clarke. Shortly afterwards B. visited England, and was received into the circle of Addison, Pope, and Steele. He then went to the Continent in various capacities, and on his return was made Lecturer in Divinity and Greek in his university, D.D. in 1721, and Dean of Derry in 1724. In 1725 he formed the project of founding a college in Bermuda for training ministers for the colonies, and missionaries to the Indians, in pursuit of which he gave up his deanery with its income of L1100, and went to America on a salary of L100. Disappointed of promised aid from Government he returned, and was appointed Bishop of Cloyne. Soon afterwards he _pub._ _Alciphron, or The Minute Philosopher_, directed against Shaftesbury, and in 1734-37 _The Querist_. His last publications were _Siris_, a treatise on the medicinal virtues of tar-water, and _Further Thoughts on Tar-water_. He _d._ at Oxford in 1753. His affectionate disposition and genial manners made him much beloved. As a thinker his is the greatest name in English philosophy between Locke and Hume. His style is clear and dignified. The best ed. of B. is Prof. A.C. Fraser's, with Life (4 vols., 1871, and new, 1902); there is also a small work by the same (1881).