Значение слова REID в Литературной энциклопедии

1) MAYNE (1818-1883).-Novelist, _b._ in the north of Ireland, he set off at the age of 20 for Mexico to push his fortunes, and went through many adventures, including service in the Mexican War. He also was for a short time settled in Philadelphia engaged in literary work. Returning to this country he began a long series of novels of adventure with _The Rifle Rangers_ (1849). The others include _The Scalp Hunters_, _Boy Hunters_, and _Young Voyagers_, and had great popularity, especially with boys. 2) REID, THOMAS (1710-1796).-Philosopher, was the _s._ of the minister of Strachan, Kincardineshire, where he was _b._ His mother was one of the gifted family of the Gregorys. At the age of 12 he was sent to Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, where he graduated, and thereafter resided for some time as librarian, devoting himself to study, especially of mathematics and the Newtonian philosophy. He was in 1737 ordained minister of New Machar, Aberdeen, and in 1748 he communicated to the Royal Society an _Essay on Quantity_. Four years later he became one of the Prof. of Philosophy (including mathematics and natural philosophy) in King's Coll., Aberdeen, and in 1763 he was chosen to succeed Adam Smith as Prof. of Moral Philosophy in Glasgow. In the following year he _pub._ his great work, _Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense_, directed against Hume's _Essay on Human Nature_. Up to the appearance of the latter work in 1739 R. had been a follower of Berkeley, but the conclusions drawn therein from the idealistic philosophy led him to revise his theories, and to propound what is usually known as the "common sense" philosophy, by which term is meant the beliefs common to rational beings as such. In 1785 he _pub._ his _Essay on the Intellectual Powers_, which was followed in 1788 by that _On the Active Powers_. R., who, though below the middle size, was strong and fond of exercise, maintained his bodily and mental vigour until his death at 86. His writings, distinguished by logical rigour of method and clearness of style, exercised a profound influence in France as well as at home; but his attempted refutation of Berkeley is now generally considered to have failed. _Works_ ed. by Sir W. Hamilton and H.L. Mansel. Sketch by Prof. A.C. Fraser (1898). 3) REID, SIR THOMAS WEMYSS (1842-1905).-Novelist and biographer, _b._ at Newcastle, and after being connected with various provincial newspapers came to London in 1887 as manager for Cassell and Co. Thereafter he was, 1890-99, ed. of _The Speaker_. Among his more permanent writings are _The Land of the Bey_ (1882), _Gladys Fane_ (1883), and Lives of W.E. Forster (1888), and Lords Houghton (1891), and Playfair (1899), and William Black (1902). He was knighted in 1894.