Значение слова MARTINEAU в Литературной энциклопедии

MARTINEAU

1) HARRIET (1802-1876).-Novelist and economist, _b._ at Norwich, where her _f._, descended from a French family, was a manufacturer. From her earliest years she was delicate and very deaf, and took to literary pursuits as an amusement. Afterwards, when her _f._ had fallen into difficulties, they became her means of support. Her first publication was _Devotional Exercises for Young Persons_ (1823). Becoming interested in political economy, she endeavoured to illustrate the subject by tales, of which two were _The Rioters_ and _The Turn-out_. Later she _pub._ a more serious treatment of it in _Illustrations of Political Economy_ (1832-4), _Poor Law and Paupers_ (1833), and _Illustrations of Taxation_ (1834). About this time she went to London, and was regarded as an authority on economic questions, being occasionally consulted by Cabinet Ministers. Among her books of travel are _Society in America_ (1837), and _Eastern Life, Present and Past_ (1848), which she considered her best book: in it she declared herself no longer a believer in revelation. She also wrote two novels, _Deerbrook_ (1839), and _The Hour and the Man_ (1840), also a number of books for children. Perhaps her most important work is her _History of England during the Thirty Years' Peace_, 1816-46, which appeared in 1849. She translated Comte's _Philosophy_ (1853), and _pub._ a collection of letters between herself and Mr. H.G. Atkinson _On the Laws of Man's Nature and Development_, which encountered severe criticism. In addition to her separate publications she wrote innumerable articles for newspapers, specially the _Daily News_, and for periodicals. In 1845 she settled in the Lake District, where she died. 2)MARTINEAU, JAMES (1805-1900).-Unitarian theologian, younger brother of the above, was _b._ at Norwich. Possessed of considerable inventive and mathematical talents, he was originally intended for engineering, but studied for the Unitarian ministry, to which he was ordained in 1828. After serving as pastor in various places he became in 1840 Prof. of Mental and Moral Philosophy in the Manchester New Coll. (subsequently removed to London), and Principal 1869-85. Among his writings, which were very influential, are _Rationale of Religious Inquiry_ (1836), _Ideal Substitutes for God_ (1879), _Study of Spinoza_ (1882), _Types of Ethical Theory_ (1885), _Study of Religion_ (1888), _Seat of Authority in Religion_ (1890), and religious poems and hymns. M. was a man of very elevated character and powerful intellect; of great acuteness, candour, and openness to new ideas. He was D.D. of Edin. 1884, and D.C.L. of Oxf. 1888.

Литературная энциклопедия. 2012